
烘干機的布料方式取決于滾筒的設計、物料的固形物含量、勃度以及產品的吸濕性。工業上烘干機主要有五種布料方式,即:輥式、捏擠式、浸沒式、噴射式和灑濺式 。五種布料方式中除了捏擠式僅適用于滾筒烘干機外,各(ge)種布料方式均(jun)通用。

1、輥式
適用于單滾筒(tong)(tong)和(he)雙滾筒(tong)(tong)烘干機(ji)。輥(gun)(gun)式布(bu)(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是在大(da)(da)滾筒(tong)(tong)上(shang)部裝(zhuang)有2-3個(ge)布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun),在布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)與(yu)大(da)(da)滾筒(tong)(tong)嚙合(he)(he)開始(shi)處供給料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)液。濕物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)喂入是通(tong)過(guo)大(da)(da)滾筒(tong)(tong)和(he)布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)輥(gun)(gun)作(zuo)(zuo)用實 現(xian)的(de)(de)(de),料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)膜(mo)厚度也隨著布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)與(yu)大(da)(da)滾筒(tong)(tong)間(jian)間(jian)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)變化而(er)產生或厚或薄的(de)(de)(de)變化,布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)碾壓攤(tan)平作(zuo)(zuo)用確保(bao)了(le)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在滾筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)個(ge)長度上(shang)均勻(yun)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)。而(er)且(qie)(qie),除了(le)布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用外,由于 大(da)(da)滾筒(tong)(tong)和(he)布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)捏合(he)(he)摩擦作(zuo)(zuo)用,阻(zu)止了(le)粘稠的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)處堆積成(cheng)堆。布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)位置(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)滑塊 來調節,以(yi)(yi)(yi)使其(qi)處于干燥 的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi),多輥(gun)(gun)布(bu)(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)增加 物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)薄層的(de)(de)(de)厚度從而(er)提(ti)高產量。布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)與(yu)大(da)(da)滾筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙(xi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)各自調整(zheng)并且(qie)(qie)布(bu)(bu)(bu)膜(mo)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速可以(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)大(da)(da)滾筒(tong)(tong)一(yi)致或者不一(yi)致。輥(gun)(gun)式布(bu)(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在針(zhen)對(dui)特(te)殊(shu)(shu)產品時(shi)可與(yu)其(qi)它布(bu)(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方式相結合(he)(he)使用。 這(zhe)種特(te)殊(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方式使其(qi)特(te)別適用于粘性(xing)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、漿狀物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、糊狀物(wu)質(zhi)及淀(dian)粉(fen)的(de)(de)(de)干燥。它主要應(ying)用于嬰兒食品、土豆片和(he)酪(lao)蛋白的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)加工。
2、捏擠式
一種最(zui)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)布料(liao)方式且僅用(yong)于雙滾筒(tong)(tong)烘干(gan)機。此種方式適用(yong)于溶質比較細膩的(de)(de)樣品的(de)(de)干(gan)燥,如牛奶(nai)和乳清(qing)。捏擠式布料(liao)通過調(diao)整(zheng)兩(liang)滾筒(tong)(tong)間(jian)隙來 物(wu)料(liao)薄層厚(hou)度的(de)(de)改變。物(wu)料(liao)在滾筒(tong)(tong)表面(mian)沿(yan)縱向均勻(yun)分布是十分重要的(de)(de)。往(wang)復式喂料(liao)器及多孔管常(chang)用(yong)于向兩(liang)滾筒(tong)(tong)間(jian)隙喂料(liao)。
3、浸沒式
適用于單(dan)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和雙滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)烘干機(ji)。浸(jin)沒(mei)布料(liao)是(shi)在滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)底部(bu)裝(zhuang)有淺碟(die)形(xing)料(liao)槽(cao),用以供給料(liao)液(ye),滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)部(bu)分(fen)浸(jin)沒(mei)在料(liao)液(ye)中,使料(liao)液(ye)呈(cheng)膜(mo)狀附著在滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)表(biao)面(mian)上(shang)。這種布料(liao)方(fang)式需借溢(yi)流管使液(ye)面(mian)保持恒(heng)定,且必須(xu)注意,浸(jin)沒(mei)深度改變,液(ye)膜(mo)厚度就隨之改變。此外,為了(le)防(fang)止(zhi)料(liao)液(ye)濃(nong)度的變化,在槽(cao)內還裝(zhuang)有冷卻盤管。
4、噴射式
物(wu)料(liao)通過噴嘴被(bei)噴射到(dao)滾筒(tong)表面,噴射嘴可以被(bei)固定在滾筒(tong)的底(di)部或其(qi)它(ta)任何地方。產(chan)品的生產(chan)量由(you)噴射系統(tong)控制(zhi)而 其(qi)它(ta)任何操作參數。
5、灑濺式
可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)單滾筒(tong)烘干機和雙滾筒(tong)烘干機。此種(zhong)布料(liao)方式是在滾簡(jian)底(di)部裝有(you)料(liao)槽,其中(zhong)還裝有(you)兩個帶很(hen)多葉片的轉筒(tong),借(jie)轉筒(tong)旋轉以葉片飛濺料(liao)液,使原料(liao)液灑濺并附著(zhu)在滾筒(tong)表面上。該布料(liao)方法不適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)粘度(du)高的物料(liao)。
這五種(zhong)(zhong)布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)各有(you)優缺點,且適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)不同的(de)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。浸沒式(shi)(shi)(shi)、噴射式(shi)(shi)(shi)和灑(sa)濺(jian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)多采用(yong)下布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),即(ji)在滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)底(di)部設有(you)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)池(chi),料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)池(chi)通(tong)(tong)常設有(you)控溫及攪拌裝置,這三種(zhong)(zhong)布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)不適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)戮度高的(de)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。而輥(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和捏擠式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)適(shi)用(yong)性(xing)則比較(jiao)強,對物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)勃度及狀態要求不是很嚴格,這兩種(zhong)(zhong)布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)上(shang)布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),且配有(you)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)輸送(song)裝置。漿(jiang)狀物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)通(tong)(tong) 過輸料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)管輸送(song)至滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong),為(wei)了保證物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)沿滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)軸線方(fang)(fang)向分(fen)布(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻(yun),通(tong)(tong)常采用(yong)往(wang)復式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),即(ji)通(tong)(tong)過機(ji)械控制,使輸料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)管沿滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)軸線方(fang)(fang)向來回(hui)移動,邊(bian)移動邊(bian)撒料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。然而,針對勃度 高的(de)糊狀物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)顆粒大的(de)泥狀物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),需采用(yong)螺(luo)旋輸送(song)。此種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)因流動性(xing)差,不連(lian)續,容易造成堆積從(cong)而導致布(bu)(bu)膜不均(jun)勻(yun),為(wei)了 這個問(wen)(wen)題,尹學清等(deng)人通(tong)(tong)過對滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)干(gan)燥生(sheng)產(chan)馬 鈴薯(shu)雪花(hua)全粉的(de)研究設計了一種(zhong)(zhong)專門用(yong)于(yu)泥狀物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)裝置—帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)螺(luo)旋自動布(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器,有(you)效地 了泥狀物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)兩端的(de)堆積問(wen)(wen)題,得到了較(jiao)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)膜。